- Fuming Nitric Acid = 90%
- epoxy only (no ceramic)
- plastic = epoxy-cresol-novolak (ECN)
All posts by tallen
Useful Sites
- https://limitedresults.com/
CRC Reverse Engineering
This bit of C, among other things, takes some bytes in hex followed by a CRC and figures out which CRC method was used.
Dream Source Labs… so you thought Saleae sucked
When you untar the archive and everything’s marked executable, you know you’re in for a hard time. There is nothing easy or convenient about this thing.
Having said that it does work with Sigrok and Sigrok knows a lot of protocols. PulseView (the GUI front end to Sigrok) is okay but for heavy lifting you probably want sigrok-cli.
I just found it difficult to put the firmware (gateware for the FPGA) in the correct place–why don’t these things (Saleae’s the same way) just store the FPGA gateware in flash? Lastly, there are some things I like better about the Saleae’s software.
Remnants of a homeschool “lecture”
..actually three separate impromptu lectures, my 12 year old wanted to know something and the window served as “whiteboard”
Ohio’s legislature does something of which I approve
I think they call this “road tax.” Money is fungible people. …and they have funged it all over the place! So ignore the bottom three lines
.gitconfig
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[alias] lllog = log --oneline --decorate --all --graph llog = log --graph --pretty=format:'%C(yellow)%h%Creset -%C(red bold)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit --all -n15 dlog = log --graph --pretty=format:'%cD %C(yellow)%h%Creset -%C(red bold)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit --all -n15 [user] email = tim.allen@base2engineering.com name = Tim Allen [color] ui = auto [color "branch"] current = yellow reverse local = yellow remote = green [color "diff"] meta = yellow bold frag = magenta bold old = red bold new = green bold [color "status"] added = yellow changed = green untracked = cyan [core] autocrlf = input |
Linux Kernel Module (Driver)
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#ifndef thing_H #define thing_H #define DEVICE_NAME "thing" #define DRIVER_NAME "thing" struct context { uint card; // cards probed struct pci_dev *pdev; // pci dev void *buf1; // DMA download data dma_addr_t buf1_dma_handle; // physical address of the DMA download region struct cdev cdev; // char dev uint opens; // XXX do I really need to know this? uint32_t pci_mem_start; // pci config space uint32_t pci_mem_length; // pci config space void __iomem *bar0_base_addr; // the BARs were mapped here int irq; // our IRQ }; static int thing_probe(struct pci_dev *, const struct pci_device_id *); static void thing_remove(struct pci_dev *); static int fops_open (struct inode *, struct file *); static ssize_t fops_read(struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *); static ssize_t fops_write(struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *); static irqreturn_t thing_isr(int, void *); static int fops_release (struct inode *, struct file *); #endif //thing_H |
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#include <linux/cma.h> #include <linux/device.h> #include <linux/dma-mapping.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/gfp.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> /* Needed for KERN_INFO */ #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/module.h> /* Needed by all modules */ #include <linux/pci.h> #include <stddef.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <linux/delay.h> #include "thing.h" #define DEVICE_NAME "thing" #define DRIVER_NAME "thing" MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); // The license type -- this affects available functionality MODULE_AUTHOR("Tim Allen"); // The author -- visible when you use modinfo MODULE_DESCRIPTION("thing accelerator Driver"); MODULE_VERSION("0.1"); // A version number to inform users static const size_t dbsize = 16 * 1024; static struct class *class; static struct device *device_file; static struct context *ctxs[8]; //up to 8 cards // define which file operations are supported struct file_operations fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .llseek = NULL, .read = fops_read, .write = fops_write, .poll = NULL, .unlocked_ioctl = NULL, .mmap = NULL, //mmap .open = fops_open, //open .flush = NULL, .release = fops_release, //close .fsync = NULL, .fasync = NULL, .lock = NULL, }; static const struct pci_device_id pci_device_ids[] = { {PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x6610)}, // some GPU card I'm using for dev {PCI_DEVICE(0x1234, 0x000a)}, // hsp card {PCI_DEVICE(0x1234, 0x000b)}, // our card {0, /* end of list */}, }; static struct pci_driver thing_driver = { .name = DRIVER_NAME, .id_table = pci_device_ids, .probe = thing_probe, .remove = thing_remove, }; /** init is the entry point for the module * */ static int __init thing_init(void) { class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "thing"); if(!class) { printk (KERN_ERR "[%s:init] unable to create class device", DRIVER_NAME); return -EIO; } if (pci_register_driver(&thing_driver) < 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "[%s:init] unable to register", DRIVER_NAME); return -EIO; } printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:init] driver registered", DRIVER_NAME); return 0; // A non 0 return means init_module failed; module can't be loaded. } module_init(thing_init); // this macro registers the module entry point /** a card has been inserted, time to set it up * */ static int thing_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id) { int err; uint8_t byte = 0; uint16_t word = 0; uint32_t dword = 0; char devfilename[255]; struct context *ctx; static int cards = 0; //begin filling out the context struct ctx = kmalloc(sizeof (struct context), GFP_KERNEL); memset(ctx, 0, sizeof (struct context)); ctxs[cards] = ctx; // store *ctx indexed by card probe order pci_set_drvdata(pdev, (void*)ctx); // store *ctx indexed by pdev ctx->card = cards++; // card number in arbitrary order ctx->pdev = pdev; err = pci_enable_device(pdev); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "[%s:probe] pci_enable_device returned %d", DRIVER_NAME, err); return -ENODEV; } err = pci_request_region(pdev, 0, DRIVER_NAME); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "[%s:probe] request_region returned %d", DRIVER_NAME, err); return -ENODEV; } // say some useless stuff about the card pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_VENDOR_ID, &word); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_VENDOR_ID: %4.4x", DRIVER_NAME, word); pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_DEVICE_ID, &word); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_DEVICE_ID: %4.4x", DRIVER_NAME, word); pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &word); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_COMMAND: %4.4x", DRIVER_NAME, word); pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_STATUS, &word); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_STATUS: %4.4x", DRIVER_NAME, word); pci_read_config_byte(pdev, PCI_REVISION_ID, &byte); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_REVISION_ID: %2.2x", DRIVER_NAME, byte); pci_read_config_byte(pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE, &byte); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_INTERRUPT_LINE: %2.2x", DRIVER_NAME, byte); pci_read_config_byte(pdev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, &byte); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN: %2.2x", DRIVER_NAME, byte); ctx->pci_mem_start = pci_resource_start(pdev, 0); ctx->pci_mem_length = pci_resource_len(pdev, 0); pci_read_config_dword(pdev, ctx->pci_mem_start, &dword); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] device_info: %8.8x", DRIVER_NAME, dword); pci_read_config_dword(pdev, ctx->pci_mem_start + 0x3c, &dword); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] revision_number: %8.8x", DRIVER_NAME, dword); ctx->bar0_base_addr = pci_iomap(pdev, 0, ctx->pci_mem_length); // map the BARs printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] bar0_base_addr: %p", DRIVER_NAME, ctx->bar0_base_addr); // create the device file entry (/dev/thing) snprintf(devfilename, sizeof devfilename, "thing%d", ctx->card); device_file = device_create(class, NULL, MKDEV(810, ctx->card), 0, devfilename); if(!device_file) { printk (KERN_ERR "[%s:init] unable to create device class device", DRIVER_NAME); return -EIO; } else { printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] device %s created.", DRIVER_NAME, devfilename); } // set-up file ops cdev_init(&ctx->cdev, &fops); ctx->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; ctx->cdev.ops = &fops; err = cdev_add(&ctx->cdev, MKDEV(810, ctx->card), 1); if (err) { printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] cdev_add failed with %d", DRIVER_NAME, err); return -EIO; } // set-up the DMA buffers err = dma_set_mask_and_coherent(&pdev->dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); if (err) { printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] dma_set_mask returned: %d", DRIVER_NAME, err); return -EIO; } ctx->buf1 = dma_alloc_coherent(&pdev->dev, dbsize, &ctx->buf1_dma_handle, GFP_KERNEL); if (!ctx->buf1) { printk(KERN_ALERT "[%s:probe] failed to allocate coherent buffer", DRIVER_NAME); return -EIO; } printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] buf1 = %p buf1_dma_handle = %16.16llx ", DRIVER_NAME, ctx->buf1, ctx->buf1_dma_handle); iowrite32(ctx->buf1_dma_handle, ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x140); // tell card where to DMA from // set-up IRQs err = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, 1, 1, PCI_IRQ_MSI); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] pci_alloc_irq_vectors returns %d", DRIVER_NAME, err); ctx->irq = pci_irq_vector(pdev, 0); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] pci_irq_vector returns %d", DRIVER_NAME, ctx->irq); err = request_irq(ctx->irq, &thing_isr, IRQF_SHARED, DRIVER_NAME, ctx); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:probe] request_irq returns %d", DRIVER_NAME, err); // config done dword = ioread32(ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x00); dword |= 0x10000000; // config_done iowrite32(dword, ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x00); return 0; // A non 0 return means init_module failed; module can't be loaded. } /** open function - called when the device file is opened * */ static int fops_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { int major, minor; int card; struct context *ctx; major = imajor(inode); card = minor = iminor(inode); ctx = ctxs[card]; printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:open] major = %d", DRIVER_NAME, major); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:open] minor = %d", DRIVER_NAME, minor); ctx->opens++; return 0; } /** read function - called when the device file is written to * */ static ssize_t fops_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf, size_t count, loff_t *offp) { char kbuf[512]; uint c = 0; //position in kbuf, start at 0 int card; // the minor tells us which card uint8_t byte = 0; uint16_t word = 0; uint32_t dword =0; struct context *ctx; card = iminor(filp->f_inode); ctx = ctxs[card]; printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:read] minor = %d count = %ld *offp = %lld", DRIVER_NAME, card, count, *offp); if (*offp) return 0; c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "read from card\t%d\n", card); pci_read_config_word(ctx->pdev, PCI_VENDOR_ID, &word); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "PCI_VENDOR_ID:\t%4.4x\n", word); pci_read_config_word(ctx->pdev, PCI_DEVICE_ID, &word); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "PCI_DEVICE_ID:\t%4.4x\n", word); pci_read_config_word(ctx->pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &word); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "PCI_COMMAND:\t%4.4x\n", word); pci_read_config_word(ctx->pdev, PCI_STATUS, &word); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "PCI_STATUS:\t%4.4x\n", word); pci_read_config_byte(ctx->pdev, PCI_REVISION_ID, &byte); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "PCI_REV_ID:\t%2.2x\n", byte); dword = ioread32(ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x00); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "DEV NFO:\t%8.8x\n", dword); dword = ioread32(ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x04); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "IRQ PND:\t%8.8x\n", dword); dword = ioread32(ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x08); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "IRQ ACK:\t%8.8x\n", dword); dword = ioread32(ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x200); c += snprintf(&kbuf[c], sizeof kbuf, "FPGA Status:\t%8.8x\n", dword); copy_to_user(ubuf, kbuf, c); *offp += c; return c; } /** write function - called when the device file is written to * */ static ssize_t fops_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buffer, size_t length, loff_t * offset) { int card; // the minor tells us which card struct context *ctx; card = iminor(filp->f_inode); ctx = ctxs[card]; if (length%32) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:write] WARNING: not a mutiple of 32, sending anyway", DRIVER_NAME); if (length > 16*32) { printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:write] ERROR: maximum of 16", DRIVER_NAME); return -EIO; } printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:write] sent %ld of 'em", DRIVER_NAME, length / 32); memset(ctx->buf1, 0, dbsize); copy_from_user(ctx->buf1, buffer, length); iowrite32(length / 32, ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x24); //number of 32B (256b) words to be downloaded to the card iowrite32(0x80000000, ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x20); //Data0 Buffer and trigger ndelay(250); iowrite32(0x00000000, ctx->bar0_base_addr + 0x20); //Data0 Buffer and trigger return length; } /** Interrupt Service Routine * */ static irqreturn_t thing_isr(int irq, void *lp) { int irq_pending; //XXX ctxs, uh no, need em sorted by irq irq_pending = ioread32(ctxs[0]->bar0_base_addr + 0x04); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:isr] RXd IRQ %d, irq_pending = %2.2x\n", DRIVER_NAME, irq, irq_pending); iowrite32(irq_pending, ctxs[0]->bar0_base_addr + 0x08); return IRQ_HANDLED; } /** close function - called when the device file is closed * */ static int fops_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { int major, minor; int card; struct context *ctx; major = imajor(inode); card = minor = iminor(inode); ctx = ctxs[card]; printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:release] major = %d", DRIVER_NAME, major); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:release] minor = %d", DRIVER_NAME, minor); ctx->opens--; return 0; } /** remove a card * */ static void thing_remove(struct pci_dev *pdev) { struct context *ctx; ctx = (struct context*) pci_get_drvdata(pdev); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:remove] free coherent buffer", DRIVER_NAME); if (ctx->buf1) dma_free_coherent(&pdev->dev, dbsize, ctx->buf1, ctx->buf1_dma_handle); free_irq(ctx->irq, ctx); pci_free_irq_vectors(pdev); device_destroy(class, MKDEV(810, ctx->card)); cdev_del(&ctx->cdev); pci_release_region(pdev, 0); pci_disable_device(pdev); kfree(ctx); } /** prepare to be gone * */ static void __exit thing_exit(void) { pci_unregister_driver(&thing_driver); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:exit] driver unregistered", DRIVER_NAME); class_unregister(class); printk(KERN_INFO "[%s:exit] Goodbye world", DRIVER_NAME); } module_exit(thing_exit); // this macro registers the module exit point |
local .vimrc
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if &cp | set nocp | endif let s:cpo_save=&cpo set cpo&vim vmap gx NetrwBrowseXVis nmap gx NetrwBrowseX vnoremap NetrwBrowseXVis :^V^Ucall netrw#BrowseXVis()^V^M nnoremap NetrwBrowseX :call netrw#BrowseX(expand((exists("g:netrw_gx")? g:netrw_gx : '^V')),netrw#CheckIfRemote())^V^M let &cpo=s:cpo_save unlet s:cpo_save set backspace=indent,eol,start set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,default,latin1 set helplang=en set nomodeline set ruler set runtimepath=~/.vim,/var/lib/vim/addons,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles,/usr/share/vim/vim74,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/after,/var/lib/vim/addons/after,~/.vim/after set suffixes=.bak,~,.swp,.o,.info,.aux,.log,.dvi,.bbl,.blg,.brf,.cb,.ind,.idx,.ilg,.inx,.out,.toc " vim: set ft=vim : |
.vimrc
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"keep the defaults unlet! skip_defaults_vim source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim set tabstop=4 set softtabstop=0 set noexpandtab set shiftwidth=4 set laststatus=2 set hlsearch set printfont=courier:h8 |